5. Case studies
  [1] Case 1 Accident in which the driver underestimated the incline on a non-principal road in a non-urban area.

  Primary party : Light passenger car
  Time of Accident : Past 12:00 midnight in October
  Weather : Fair
  Road type : Municipal road
  Area along the road : Level
  Road condition : Dry
  Road configuration : Non-intersection area with a curve
  Accident type : Single vehicle (House and wall)
  Outline of accident : While driving on a single-lane road at an estimated speed of 60 km/h, the car bounced around on a short uphill-downhill stretch. With the driver unable to steer the car or apply brakes, the car crashed into the concrete block wall on the right side.
  Driver's comment : Both the uphill and downhill slopes were steeper than I had expected.

Case 1, Fig. 12 Diagram of accident

Fig. 13 Diagram of the road

Photo 1 Scene of accident, photographed 70 m from the site

  What You Should Know

  You may underestimate the steepness of a short-stretch hill in an otherwise flat area at night, even when the slope is emphasized with slow-down markings, slow-down signs, lane edges and delineators.
  [2] Case 2 Accident in which the driver mistook an icy road for a wet road

  Primary party : Ordinary passenger car
  Time of accident : 8:00 a.m. in January
  Weather : Fair
  Road type : Principal local road
  Area along the road : Level
  Road condition : Icy
  Road configuration : Non-intersection area with a left curve
  Accident type : Head-on collision
  Outline of accident : While driving on a two-lane road at about 65 km/h, the driver noticed what looked like a wet surface on the road, which curved toward the left and went uphill. He slowed down, but lost control on the icy road. Even though he tried to steer the car and applied brakes, the car skidded and collided into a car stopped in the opposite lane.

Case 2, Fig. 14 Diagram of accident

Photo 2 Scene of accident, photographed 30 m from the site

Photo 3 Icy road surface

  What You Should Know

  In the shadow of buildings, an icy road surface might be mistaken for a wet surface even in the daytime.

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Institute for Traffic Accident Research and Data Analysis (ITARDA)