(1) Case 1: Corner Collision   Vehicle A (ordinary-size passenger car, driven by a woman in her 30s), traveling at approximately 20 km/h about 7:00 on a clear morning, noticed a stop sign at an intersection ahead. The driver checked both sides of the intersecting road for safety, failed to see a vehicle coming, ran the stop sign in the belief that there were no vehicles around, and collided with Vehicle B (moped, driven by a man in his 30s). Due to a 1.1-m-high guardrail installed nearby that obstructed Vehicle A's view, the driver did not notice the moped until she hit it. The rider, whose helmet came off on impact when he was thrown from his moped, was assumed to have suffered a head injury when he rolled and fell into a ditch about 2 m below. The man died of a skull fracture.
(2) Case 2: Rear-End Collision   Vehicle A (light passenger car, driven by a woman in her 30s), traveling straight ahead at 50 km/h at 8:00 a.m. in clear weather, noticed Vehicle B (bicycle, man in his 70s) moving in the same direction near the lane edge on the left side of the road about 100 m ahead. The driver became distracted when she tried to pick something up from the passenger seat and hit the bicycle from behind without anticipating any danger or trying to avoid the collision. The cyclist died of a cerebral injury.
(3) Case 3: Frontal Collision   Vehicle A (moped, female rider in her teens) was moving at 30 km/h about 8:00 p.m. in clear weather on a 5-m-wide, two-lane road with the headlamp turned to low beam. When the preceding car flashed its left-turn winker, she moved right to the opposite lane to overtake the car without first checking for safety. Shortly after entering the opposite lane, she crashed into Vehicle B (ordinary-size passenger car, male driver in his 20s) coming from the opposite direction at 60 km/h. Although the rider suffered a serious pelvic injury, she fortunately escaped head injury thanks to her full-face helmet.
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Institute for Traffic Accident Research and Data Analysis (ITARDA)