As can be understood from these examples, in even a single accident, drivers make a variety of mistakes at different points in time. The actions of the drivers, as shown in Figure 7, can be said to be a continuous process of recognition, judgment/prediction, and operation/action. Hence, errors can be classified into these three actions. "Recognition" means seeing (discovering) the objects necessary for safe driving. It means not just visually seeing them, but also understanding them. "Judgment/prediction" means judging how the recognized objects will behave and judging and deciding what course of action is suitable.
"Operation/action" means operating the steering wheel and brakes in accordance with judgment and decision. In other words, failure to recognize something means that there will be no followup judgment/prediction and operation/action. Recognition can therefore be said to be the starting point of safety. As can be seen from the examples given, while accidents of course occur due in part to critical errors made immediately before the accidents, it is clear that even before that, unsuitable recognition, judgment/prediction, and operation/action not uncommonly have an effect on the errors right before the accidents. In this way, there are errors which occur going back somewhat in time before accidents which affect the critical errors made just before the occurrence of accidents. We decided to extract and analyze these errors as well.
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